After the war-weary general repeatedly refused Lincoln’s orders to pursue Lee’s retreating troops, Lincoln removed McClellan from command on November 5, 1862. Lincoln’s cabinet feared releasing the Emancipation Proclamation at that time would seem desperate and be difficult to enforce, so Lincoln decided to wait until another decisive Union victory. Military strategists and politicians of the North; however, were not as optimistic as they were keenly aware that Union victory must come from the East; an opinion not lost on their European counterparts. Once the Union force at Harpers Ferry had been neutralized, Lee proposed to reunite his army and invade Pennsylvania. (Civil War battles often had one name in the North, which was usually associated with a prominent nearby physical feature, and another in the South, which was usually derived from the town or city closest to the battlefield.). Pressure was brought to bear on McClellan to renew the engagement, but he refused, and Lee crossed the Potomac unmolested. study 10 Great Study Abroad Locations for History Students, Higher Ed Seeks to Create Living History for Students and Community, History Re-Imagined: Great New Reads in Historical Fiction, Learn History in the Blogosphere: 10 Top History Blogs, Online History Majors: Information and Requirements, Course Requirements for a History Major: Overview of Core Courses, Best School for CAD Drafting - San Jose, CA, Christian Colleges Offering Senior Citizen Discounts, The University of Texas at Dallas in Richardson TX, Scholars Grow More Comfortable with Online Research, The College Rankings That Really Matter Yours, First Contacts in the Americas: Tutoring Solution, Settling the North American Colonies: Tutoring Solution, After the American Revolution: Tutoring Solution, The Jacksonian Democracy: Tutoring Solution, Manifest Destiny & Expansion: Tutoring Solution, Buildup to the American Civil War: Tutoring Solution, What Is the Battle of Antietam? courses that prepare you to earn Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, lithograph by Kurz & Allison. Who Was General Robert E. Lee? On September 14 McClellan’s army struck the passes at South Mountain. Did you know… We have over 200 college Mansfield, however, was mortally wounded, and his command passed to Brig. Battle Of Antietam Summary: The Battle of Antietam, a.k.a. Gen. John B. CSA President Jefferson Davis and his armies were in control of nearly all of the 750,000 acres that were deemed CSA territory. Battle of Sharpsburg, resulted in not only the bloodiest day of the American Civil War, but the bloodiest single day in all of American history. Three hours later, Union troops had pushed the Confederates back and over 5,000 men were either dead or injured. Services. Though the battle was just the first to be fought in the northern colonies, Lincoln used the retreat of the southern forces at this battle as a sign the Union had the upper hand. Although the “states’ rights” in question were the rights of each state to determine their positions on slavery, this was not officially recognized in the Confederate charter. McClellan had estimated that total Confederate strength in the area amounted to “not less than 120,000 men”—an estimate that more than doubled Lee’s actual strength—and he spent September 16 engaging in reconnaissance of the Confederate positions.

Get access risk-free for 30 days, Dead Confederate soldiers, with the Dunker Church in the background, after the Battle of Antietam, September 19, 1862, photograph by Alexander Gardner. …to check Lee’s forces at Antietam (or Sharpsburg, September 17). The Union and the Confederacy both had a logic and reason as to why they desired a military triumph. © 2020 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Additionally, much of the war had been fought on Virginia soil thus far, and moving into Maryland would both allow Lee to feed his men from Maryland farms and harness support for the Confederate cause in that state. However Lincoln was willing to take that risk. Who attacked first in the Battle of Antietam? 1862 - Turning Tides The Battle of Antietam was one of the most important events of the American Civil War. On September 17, 1862, the Army of Northern Virginia occupied a position which, in relation to the surrounding country, could be compared to the string of a bow in the act of being drawn. - History & Civil War Facts, Over 79,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Civil War Begins: Northern and Southern Advantages Compared, Key Civil War Battles in 1862: Monitor and Merrimac, Antietam, New Orleans & Shiloh, The Emancipation Proclamation: Creation, Context and Legacy, How the Civil War Affected the Economy and Everyday Life in the North and South, Civil War Turning Points: Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Vicksburg, End of the Civil War: General Grant Begins the March Toward Richmond, Lincoln's Assassination and Lee's Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Middle School US History: Tutoring Solution, Biological and Biomedical They also ended any hope of France and Great Britain acknowledging the Confederacy and coming to their aid. Updates? Battle of Antietam was the first major battle of the American Civil War to be fought on Union soil. [4] King Cotton still reigned supreme. However, because of exhaustion and heavy casualties, these Union troops were not able to advance any further. Lee was forced to retreat south yet McClellan gave no chase thus enabling the Army of Northern Virginia to successfully retreat and regroup in the South. Dead Confederate soldiers at Bloody Lane after the Battle of Antietam, Maryland, 1862. May 1861 saw the establishment of a functioning Confederate government in Richmond, Virginia. On September 17, 1862, Lee’s troops met Union forces, under the command of General George B. McClellan, in Sharpsburg, Maryland.



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