b Annexed by Nazi Germany.

Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005).

On the 30 September 1938, after just one day, an agreement was reached.  • Shumshu, • Attacks on North America In demonstrations and rallies, Czechs and Slovaks called for a strong military government to defend the integrity of the state. d Annexed by Hungary (1939–1945). It was centered at Banská Bystrica.

On 5 May 1945, in the last moments of the war in Europe, the Prague uprising (Czech: Pražské povstání) began.  • Atomic bombings The Soviets demanded free passage for their troops through Poland. Hitler met the next day, at Munich, with the chiefs of governments of France, Italy and Britain. The Sudeten Germans broke off negotiations on 13 September, after which violence and disruption ensued. From as early as the second half of the 13th century onwards these Bohemian border regions were settled by ethnic Germans, who were invited by the Přemyslid Bohemian kings—especially by Ottokar II (1253–1278) and Wenceslaus II (1278–1305).  • Occupation of Japan The most important event of the resistance was the Operation Anthropoid, the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, SS leader Heinrich Himmler's deputy and the then Protector of Bohemia and Moravia.

Ten days later, Hitler signed a secret directive for war against Czechoslovakia to begin no later than 1 October. On 3 October 1940, shortly after its defeat, France introduced its first antisemitic law under occupation - the Statut de Juifs. The German deputies of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia in the Imperial Council (Reichsrat) referred to the Fourteen Points of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and the right proposed therein to self-determination, and attempted to negotiate the union of the German-speaking territories with the new Republic of German Austria, which itself aimed at joining Weimar Germany. A Czechoslovak delegation under František Němec was dispatched to the area. Other territorial demands followed. Subsequently, interwar Czechoslovakia has been idealized by its proponents as the only bastion of democracy surrounded by authoritarian and fascist regimes. Conflicts between Czech and German nationalists emerged in the 19th century, for instance in the Revolutions of 1848: while the German-speaking population of Bohemia and Moravia wanted to participate in the building of a German nation state, the Czech-speaking population insisted on keeping Bohemia out of such plans. The Munich Agreement was the outcome.  • Philippines (1944–1945), • Vistula–Oder This amounted to approximately ⅓ of the population.  • Military awards Involved primarily in intelligence gathering, the ÚVOD cooperated with a Soviet intelligence organization in Prague. Some of the German socialists fled the Sudetenland via Prague and London to other countries.  • Military production The remaining Germans, proven anti-fascists and skilled laborers, were allowed to stay in Czechoslovakia, but were later forcefully dispersed within the country. (, Československo-sovětské vztahy v diplomatických jednáních 1939–1945. Heydrich's appointment in the fall thwarted these efforts.

France was in a state of internal political disarray due to a change in government, and therefore they were not prepared to take military action without British support. On 28 September, Chamberlain appealed to Hitler for a conference. The villages of Lidice and Ležáky were completely destroyed by the Nazis; all men over 16 years of age from the village were murdered and the rest of the population was sent to Nazi concentration camps where many women and nearly all the children were killed.

The German-speaking parts of the former Lands of the Bohemian Crown remained in a newly created Czechoslovakia, a multi-ethnic state of several nations: Czechs, Germans, Slovaks, Hungarians, Poles and Ruthenians. It originally constituted part of a larger classification of three groupings of Germans within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which also included "Alpine Deutschen" (English: Alpine Germans) in what later became the Republic of Austria and "Balkandeutsche" (English: Balkan Germans) in Hungary and the regions east of it. On the 12 November 1933, Hitler held a plebiscite on his decision to withdraw Germany from the League of Nations. After World War II broke out, a Czechoslovak national committee was constituted in France, and under Beneš's presidency sought international recognition as the exiled government of Czechoslovakia. It was an attempt by the Czech resistance to liberate the city of Prague from German occupation during World War II. Beneš worked to bring Czechoslovak communist exiles in Britain into cooperation with his government, offering far-reaching concessions, including nationalization of heavy industry and the creation of local people's committees at the war's end. This photograph was taken at the launch of armour-plated vessel Admiral Graf Spee, which officially joined the German fleet on the 6 January 1936. There were substantial exceptions from expulsions that applied to about 244,000 ethnic Germans who were allowed to remain in Czechoslovakia. The uprising went on until 8 May 1945, ending in a ceasefire the day before the arrival of the Red Army and one day after Victory in Europe Day. This speech hinted at a justification for war and the Nazis potential plans for the mass murder of Europe’s Jews.

France was still highly suspicious of Germany following the devastation that France suffered during the First World War. Lord Runciman's first day included meetings with President Beneš and Prime Minister Milan Hodža as well as a direct meeting with the Sudeten Germans from Henlein's SdP.  • Military equipment Despite this, as with previous plebiscites, those who voted were subject to a large amount of pressure from the Nazis to vote this way. 11 on British & Commonwealth Orders of Battle, THE 5TH EXHIBITION: THE ANNALS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR REFLECTED IN WAR MEMORIALS, http://www.google.de/books?id=gTA34DxHx4AC&pg=PA382, http://cadmus.iue.it/dspace/bitstream/1814/2599/1/HEC04-01.pdf, The Expulsion of 'German' Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War, http://www.fronta.cz/dotaz/odsun-pocet-umrti#pozn1, http://www.tschechien-portal.info/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=134, History of World War II by region and country, Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo, Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, German prisoners of war in the United States, Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, Japanese prisoners of war in World War II, Polish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia?oldid=4423299, The army command coordinated with a multitude of spontaneous groupings to form the Defense of the Nation (, Social democrats and leftist intellectuals, in association with such groups as trade-unions and educational institutions, constituted the Committee of the Petition We Remain Faithful (, The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) was the fourth major resistance group. In response, the democratic government of Czechoslovakia resigned.

However, in late August, German troops were able to disarm the Eastern Slovak Army, which was the best equipped, and thus significantly decreased the power of the Slovak Army. Just three months after signing the Concordat, Hitler made his first major break with the Treaty of Versailles by withdrawing Germany from the League of Nations on the 14 October 1933. The situation of the German population was aggravated by the Hussite Wars (1419–1434), though there were also some Germans among the Hussite insurgents. At the meeting, he said that he was very reluctant to offer his own solution; he had not seen this as his task. Hitler — intent on war against Poland — needed to eliminate Czechoslovakia first. Moreover, the dominant Czechs — who had suffered political discrimination under the Habsburgs — were not able to cope with the demands of other nationalities; however, some of the minority demands served as mere pretexts to justify intervention by Nazi Germany. Chamberlain believed that Sudeten German grievances were justified and that Hitler's intentions were limited. By mid-1942, the Nazis had succeeded in exterminating the most experienced elements of the Czech resistance forces. Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and following the creation of the League of Nations, there was an international consensus that disarmament should take place.

Hitler declared that the primary targets for this desired ‘living space’ were Austria and Czechoslovakia.

The First Republic had been committed to a Western policy in foreign affairs. Despite this, on 4 December 1938 there were elections in Reichsgau Sudetenland, in which 97.32% of the adult population voted for NSDAP. The Czechs, Hitler claimed, were slaughtering the Sudeten Germans. Shortly before World War II, Czechoslovakia ceased to exist. In the summer of 1938 Hitler demanded the annexation of the Sudetenland into Germany.



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