"[5], The members of the Government enjoy their own criminal procedure so that they will only be tried by the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court.
GRAPO (Revolutionary group of 1 October) is an urban guerrilla group, founded in Vigo, Galicia; that seeks to overthrow the Spanish Government and establish a Marxist–Leninist state. There is the possibility of incorporating other figures into Government by law (such as Secretaries of State).

In 1995 two autonomous cities, Ceuta and Melilla, were added.

In October 1982, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, led by Felipe González, swept both the Congress of Deputies and Senate, winning an absolute majority in both chambers of the Cortes Generales. The People's Party (PP) is a conservative centre-right party that took its current name in 1989, replacing the previous People's Alliance, a more conservative party founded in 1976 by seven former Franco's ministers. Following decades of military rule under General Franco which ended with his death in 1975, the country moved gradually to a multi-party democracy and is today classified as a full democracy ranked 19th on the Economist’s Democracy Index. Since the approval of the Constitution of 1978, Spain was established as a decentralized unitary country which grants its regions a high degree of autonomy. [14], Between the approval of the Constitution in 1978 and the approval of the Government Act of 1997, there were no explicit limitation to the Government powers while acting as acting government except for what the doctrine and parliamentary practice said. By an overall majority, the Senate is the institution that authorizes the Government to adopt measures to enforce an autonomous community's compliance with its constitutional duties when it has failed to do so.

Each has a council, a commission (a kind of cabinet), and a mayor (alcalde). The executive consists of the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, and the members of the cabinet.

They are to be elected from among lawyers and jurists of acknowledged competence and with over 15 years of professional experience. The state of emergency will last for 15 days and Sánchez can’t extend it without further support from the Congress of Deputies and the lower house of parliament, said El País.

Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu – EHB) – left-wing basque nationalist party formed in 2011.

Such functions include the elaboration of laws proposed by the executive ("the Government"), by one of the chambers, by an autonomous community, or through popular initiative; and the approval or amendment of the nation's budget proposed by the prime minister.[10]. [11][27] This is owing to various reasons: In the Senate, each province, with the exception of the islands, select four senators using block voting: voters cast ballots for three candidates, and the four senators with the greatest number of votes are selected. It played a key role during the transition and the Constituent Assembly that wrote the Spanish current constitution.

This designation must follow proportional representation. From 1833 until 1939 Spain almost continually had a parliamentary system with a written constitution. But Sanchez's administration wanted Madrid to act because it knew that "direct intervention could be counter-productive", allowing Diaz Ayuso and the PP to deflect blame for the crisis and accuse the central government of "using authoritarian means to usurp its powers", said Pablo Simon, a political scientist at Madrid's Carlos III University. Created by law in 1981 and reporting to the Cortes, the ombudsman (defensor del pueblo) defends citizens’ rights and monitors the activities of all branches of government. Regional president Isabel Diaz Ayuso of the conservative opposition Popular Party (PP) rejected that stance. All autonomous communities have a parliamentary form of government, with a clear separation of powers. For elections to the European Parliament, held every five years, and local elections, residents who are citizens of other EU countries are eligible to participate. Christian Spain from the Muslim invasion to about 1260, Castilian institutions, society, and culture, Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia, 1276–1479, The “Golden Age” in architecture and painting, The French invasion and the War of Independence, 1808–14, Moderates, progressives, and the generals, The Revolution of 1868 and the Republic of 1873, Primo de Rivera (1923–30) and the Second Republic (1931–36), The administration of Felipe González, 1982–96, Spain at the beginning of the 21st century, Zapatero and a new generation of Socialist leadership, Economic recovery and Catalonian independence. The Law of Political Parties of 1978 provides them with public funding whose quantity is based on the number of seats held in the Cortes Generales and the number of votes received.

[18][19], The longest caretaker government of the Spanish politics since the restoration of democracy in 1977 has been the 2015-2016 Rajoy government with a record of 316 days.[20].

Because each province is given an equal number of seats in parliament, sparsely populated provinces are over-represented while those with larger populations are under-represented. While traditionally affiliated with one of Spain's major trade unions, the General Union of Workers (UGT), in an effort to improve Spain's competitiveness in preparation for admission to the EC as well as for further economic integration with Europe afterwards, the PSOE distanced itself from trade unions. In the Basque Country direct elections do take place. Executive power is exercised by the Government, which is integrated by the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers and other ministers, which collectively form the Cabinet, or Council of Ministers. As commander-in-chief of the armed forces, former King Juan Carlos I suppressed the 23-F Spanish coup d'état attempt in February 1981, showing that the monarch has more power than the constitution grants him. The current prime minister is Pedro Sanchez of the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE), who replaced Mariano Rajoy in June 2018. The constitution also guarantees certain degree of autonomy to two other "local" entities: the provinces of Spain (subdivisions of the autonomous communities) and the municipalities (subdivisions of the provinces). Each autonomous community has its own high court of justice (Tribunal Superior de Justica), and all the provinces have high courts called the audiencias that try criminal cases. Local government in Spain is mostly conducted at the municipal level. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The political system in Spain is a parliamentary monarchy with the ruling monarch serving as the official head of state and the prime minister as head of government. The Constitution also gives the monarch some powers known as Royal Prerogatives. The Congress of Deputies can dismiss a prime minister through a vote of no confidence.


GRAPO is not capable of maintaining the degree of operational capability that they once enjoyed. To see the current members, see Current government. Voter turnout for general elections since 1977 has varied from 68.13% to 79.83%.

Although it is not a very common position within the Administration, it has existed the position of Commissioner or High Commissioner, a senior official normally holding the position of Secretary of State or Under Secretary, being entrusted with an especific task. Since the transition to democracy there have been a number of minority governments in Spain, making it difficult for legislation to pass through parliament. The General Courts exercise the legislative power of the State, approving the budget and controlling the actions of the government. "We are already late...we can't take this as a game," the minister added on Monday following a meeting with Madrid regional health officials which did not break the impasse. In 1976 he designated Adolfo Suárez as prime minister — "president of the Government" — with the task of convincing the regime to dismantle itself and to call for elections to a Constituent Assembly. Outlawed during Franco's dictatorship, it gained recognition during the Spanish transition to democracy period, when it officially renounced Marxism, under the leadership of Felipe González. For the rest of the communities, provincial government is held by Provincial Deputations or Councils. About four-fifths of the members of the Senate are directly elected via a plurality system at the provincial level. The first two regions to get their autonomy where the autonomous communities of the Basque Country and Catalonia in 1979. Click below to consent to the use of this technology on our website – and don’t worry, we respect your privacy.

The executive handles domestic and foreign policy, including defense and economic policies. [18] In practice, the candidate has been the leader of the party that obtained the largest number of seats in the Congress.

They consider themselves a guerrilla organization but are considered internationally as a terrorist organisation. The majority of Senators are directly elected by popular vote, with the remainder appointed by regional legislature. [2] He is the leader of the Socialist Workers' Party, which, at the time of his appointment, was the second biggest party in the Cortes Generales. Police are conducting random checks to ensure compliance with the new rules, which now apply to nearly one in six of the region's 6.6 million residents. The stand-off began on Friday, just days after Sanchez and Ayuso met to discuss a coordinated response to the crisis. During the first four years of his prime ministership the economy continued to expand rapidly, and the government ran budget surpluses. At the apex of the system is the Supreme Court, the country’s highest tribunal, which comprises five chambers.


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