3908, file 107,243, Agent Markle to Hayter Reed, 25 Nov., 1893.

P.A.C. The Preserve is a master planned community, attractive to all generations across all price points. You can also click on many of the individual surnames to reach that listing in one of the census records (usually 1901 or 1911). Some congregated in lodges at Portage la Prairie, Poplar Point and High Bluff where they were employed by the settlers ploughing, harvesting and making fence rails. The Enclave at River Reserve There will only be 56 homes in this small, quaint gated community on the Saluda River. contains many of the same surnames as well as others. to Massey Harris. The Preserve is Nestled between the Cumberland and The Great Smoky Mountains on a bend of Watts Bar Lake in Oak Ridge Tennessee. Thanks to Doug Elias for his helpful comments on this paper. [26] They were reported to be well clothed and adequately housed, although an absence of suitable timber continued to be a problem. By throwing fences across these necks of land the Dakota acquired pasture fields of many hundreds of acres each, with-out having to fence every field of grain.
Few farmers in Western Canada in the early 1890s would have agreed with Hayter Reed that the hoe and rake were central to a successful operation.

The Dakota were entirely responsible for their own financial affairs, purchasing machinery and implements with their income, By 1888 they had acquired mowers and rakes, wagons and a threshing machine. Those historians who briefly touch on Indians in the post-treaty era describe a period of calamitous cultural, social and economic disintegration. He stressed that he raised crops to make money. H. B. Hawthorne (ed. They were later informed by letter that after careful inquiry and full consideration they had no grounds for complaint. RG 10, vol. 9. Inspector McGibbor reported in 1888 that the fields were clean and well-ploughed, and that the seed was well-sown. 57. P.A.C. [61] This outsider, in Wadsworth’s opinion, gave the Dakota the idea they had “the right to dictate to the Department.” [62] Wadsworth also believed that the Dakota were lazy and that this was at the heart of the matter; they would sooner “trust to luck” than work if they could get out of it. Convenient to stores, restaurants & health care in Powdersville. Another attractive feature of the location was its proximity to the main line C.P.R. See Gontran Laviolette, The Sioux Indians in Canada (Regina: 1944). Agent Markle reported that Harry Hotain made no comment when the letter was read but later informed him that he was resolved to give up the fight. 44. Oak River Reserve | Dakota, Chippewa, Cree (1901) This is part of a larger project to locate surnames carried by Natives, First Peoples and Metis in Eastern Canada. Close to everything and far from nothing, the location is just one way The Preserve will change your life. In closing, Chief Pat declared that he had always followed the rules of the Department and would continue to do so for “If I don’t follow the rules of the Department I have no where else to go.” [59] Others who spoke on the side of Chief Pat agreed that Hotain and his followers were lying and that without Scott’s help many would have been in jail because of their debts. [43] Before 1892 the Dakota had been allowed to dispose of their crops as they wished but in that year Scott was instructed to see that no grain left the reserve without a permit. Not all at Oak River were farmers, but farming was not limited to just a few individuals. Laurence Herchmer, appointed Indian Agent in 1878, found the Dakota’s supply of seed, cattle and implements to be inadequate and requested more.

They put one thousand acres under crop, double that of the year before. [17] The Dakota participated significantly in the selection of the location of their reserves; they rejected an original site for one large reserve in favour of two that were chosen in 1875, one on the Assiniboine river at Oak River and another at Bird Tail Creek, near Fort Ellice. In 1885, eleven out of eighty-five heads of families at Oak River died, as did seventeen children under the age of three. Thirty-five male residents were present along with Inspector Wadsworth, Agent Markle and Antoine Flamant, an interpreter.
The Indian Agent and Farm Instructor had chosen a chief whom they did not regard as their chief. The Santee were allied with Great Britain in the War of 1812, participating in the British capture of Michilimackinac, and in several operations including that which led to the capture of Detroit.

11. Two days of meetings were then held at the school house on the Oak River reserve. Agent Markle termed their purchases “reckless and improvident.” [40] In the margin of Wadsworth’s annual report for 1892 the Assistant Commissioner angrily scribbled that the purchase of labour-saving devices such as binders was totally opposed to the Commissioner’s views. Until the early 1880s many wintered at Portage la Prairie, returning to the reserve for the summer months.

The Oak River Dakota continued to protest the permit system throughout 1894.

Ibid., Petition of the Oak River Sioux, 4 Nov., 1894. Like other settlers in Western Canada who failed to establish a stable economic base, the Dakota were subject to locusts, droughts, floods, inconsistent prices for agricultural products and soil depletion. The reserve is also beautifully situated; the Oak River joins the Assiniboine on the reserve and the river banks, fringed with maple and elm, are a dominant feature of the landscape.

Source: Public Archives of Canada.

1 (1968), p. 23. The band worked feverishly in the spring and summer of 1892. IMPORTANT COVID-19 NOTICE: EFFECTIVE JUNE 15, 2020, SRT has announced the reopening of Kaweah Oaks Preserve and Dry Creek Preserve, with these rules: Six-foot social distancing must be maintained throughout the preserve; Face masks are strongly recommended; Picnic areas remain closed to public use.

[33]. The band had 350 head of livestock all in good condition.

History Department, University of Manitoba.

He reported that the Dakota were not settling permanently on the reserve because they did not have enough oxen and ploughs to work half the land already broken. Officials of the Department shared the belief that to complain was a chronic feature of the Indian nature, or they maintained that Indians were encouraged to complain by those who might profit from Indian dissatisfaction.

[52] It was felt that the matter might assume serious proportions “and we do not want another rebellion.” The paper sympathized with the position of the Dakota: they farmed their own land, worked hard all summer, but were not allowed the full benefit of their labour because of the permit system. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Oak Reserve is located on Aloma Avenue in beautiful Winter Park, walking distance to Full Sail University, restaurants, and shopping. Isabel A. Andrews, “The Crooked Lakes Reserves: A Study of Indian Policy in Practice From the Qu’Appelle Treaty to 1900,” (unpublished M.A. P.A.C.


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