Groups sprung up throughout Ireland, which aimed to preserve native Irish pastimes and language, such as the Gaelic Athletic Association and the Gaelic League. Issued on: 15/06/2010 - 16:17Modified: 15/06/2010 - 16:33. Within this context, British politicians recognized that a resolution to problems in Ireland was paramount.

A 14th man dies five months later. But this did not extinguish opposition; in 1798 a rebellion broke out in Ireland, organised by the United Irishmen, a revolutionary republican group, who had been inspired by the revolutions of France and America. In the greatest single atrocity of the Troubles, 29 people are killed by a car bombing in Omagh planted by a dissident splinter group, the Real IRA. Unlike the IRA, it was prepared to use violent means to achieve its ends. As tensions mounted, private armies of 100,000 plus men arose to represent the interests of both sides.

Showing no compassion, all 2,800 of Drogheda’s defenders were massacred. Despite some intermingling of the English and Irish population, the two were never completely united. Then on the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Somme and the Easter Rising, in 1966, violence erupted. Lord Mountbatten, the Queen’s cousin, dies when a bomb planted by the Provisional IRA explodes on his boat in Sligo.

The beginning of the twentieth century saw a cultural renaissance in Ireland. The passage of ‘penal laws’ limited Catholic property ownership even further, alongside restricting their right to education and to bear arms, and driving out the clergy. The Queen with Lord Mountbatten (Getty Images).

A bid for independence by Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone, was ultimately defeated by the Queen’s army, with a harsh post-war settlement impeding future uprisings from the Catholic majority. Large Protestant English communities were created, whose identity was at odds with the Roman Catholic Irish inhabitants. This situation was exacerbated in the 1960s: Northern Ireland, which had been relatively prosperous in the immediate years after the war, now suffered the same economic fate as the mainland, which was in economic decline. Nevertheless, Margaret Thatcher refused to make any concessions.

©2020 AETN UK. His new attitude raised hopes for Catholics, but was a cause of concern for Protestants. The Democratic Unionist Party enters a historic power-sharing government with Sinn Fein.

By the end of May, those who had been in favour of Sunningdale resigned.
Michael Stone, the loyalist murderer, suspends the first meeting of Northern Ireland’s transitional assembly when he walks into the parliament building armed with a handgun, a knife, and a “viable” bomb. By May of the same year, turmoil had reached a head: The Ulster Workers’ Council, a coalition of Protestant trade unionists, called for a general strike in the province and loyalist bombs exploded throughout Dublin and Monaghan, killing 32 people in the worst day of the Troubles. 1969: Britain sends troops on to the streets of Northern Ireland to keep order.1972: A total of 13 people die on Bloody Sunday when British soldiers open fire on a civil rights march on January 30. Not all favoured an independent Ireland, however. With the advent of World War I, Home Rule was pushed to one side in Britain. This was evident on 30 January 1972, when the army controversially suppressed rioting at a civil rights march in Derry in a day that became known as ‘Bloody Sunday.’ The resulting death toll of 14 civil rights protestors fed into the hands of the IRA; more recruits flooded into their ranks. Elizabeth I continued her father’s legacy in Ireland. Lands occupied by Irish landowners were confiscated, especially in Munster and Ulster. It was labelled a whitewash.1973-74: Britain bids to end direct rule with a power-sharing deal between Northern Ireland's factions with the Sunningdale Agreement but this fails.Early to mid 1990s: Early stage talks on ending the violence take place involving the opposing sides. In 1905 Sinn Fein (‘Ourselves Alone’) was established and the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) was revived.

In April a judicial inquiry exonerates the soldiers and voices a "strong suspicion" some protestors had been firing weapons or handling bombs.

Timeline of the Northern Ireland Conflict 1920 : Ireland is partitioned after an agreement between London and Dublin which provides that six northern counties will remain under British rule.

Thus in November 1985 Thatcher and Garret Fitzgerald signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement, which outlined that Northern Ireland would remain independent of the Republic as long as that represented the will of the majority in the North. Gladstone never got to see his wish for Home Rule come to light – both his 1886 and 1893 bills were never passed.

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