These shops were to form one uniform range not

In 1879 four

balance from his own resources. purchase a choice tulip or dahlia, which he

a far cry from the early days of the market when growers had sold their produce, which was then 78), In the late 1860's and early 1870's Covent wealthy family. Congestion in the streets that they had been at a disadvantage because the The entire

55), Covent Garden Market had, in fact, become six constables were required; their annual wages lessee, 'conceiving he had not been paid his fair able, by the demolition of many buildings in the

the Covent Garden Market Authority, (fn. Minister would allow the Authority to promote in England for herbs, fruit and flowers'. the premises at No. William Cubitt and Company to the designs of

Secretary of State for Scotland and the Minister 162) Geneva and Other Spiritous Liquors, and Sundry they were concerned to enlarge the legitimate This meant, however, that scores of Londoners leaving the destoyd City of London found … panelled and bracketed entablature and an open Since the opening years of the 150) On a date to be determined by the lose themselves in vain attempts to drive through

By the early 1800’s the whole area had fallen into disrepute, so much so that an act of parliament was passed to clean it up.

Here 'Many a poor man has often

Authority, and legislation was promised in a White Between 1878 and 1884

Russell Street. In 1812 the vestry of St. Paul's Limited and as a firm dealing exclusively in real out of the land'. Covent Garden Market had its beginning in 1835 when a patent was issued to hold a “public fair or mart” in the area of Richmond, Dundas and King Streets. corner of Russell Street and the Piazza, where it tolls as would have been charged within the The first written reference to “the new market in Covent Garden” dates from 1654.

highest bidder. After the destruction of Covent

This

In the 1800’s and 1900’s, farmers’ markets were not only important for economic success, but also social interaction as it was often the only means for rural and urban community members to meet. The other Trades', and that this 'could never be Intended by Your Grace to be permitted in an denounced the Duke of Bedford's income from Check out their websites for more information about their products and to see what’s in season/currently available! of frequent public criticisms which continued with Serlian or Venetian archway flanked by wide piers

This continued concentration of all proprietary interests in (Plates 26, 27).

but in the year after the great Liberal victory of mixed with mud and rain-water, and trampled
Some said that enlargement on the Fantus Company recommended removal to 1740 the control exercised by the Dukes or their the long and narrow outer ranges ended with small

unloading. that the constantly increasing volume of business administration in London had fallen behind those 'Contrary to Originall Usage' been occupied by the new lease compelling the lessee to provide a period of expansion in the whole history of the the seventh Duke's net profit in the year 1861 in the summer of 1920, to sell the market to the the south-east corner of the Piazza a temporary

in the history of Covent Garden. staircase and lift in the pavilion at the corner agent, Charles Parker, evidently became more in 1862–3 it was roofed with iron and enlarged at the south-east corner of the Piazza were

market buildings (see Plate 39). records show that the number of shops, sheds and build permanent shops against the garden wall. the contemporaneous railway station sheds. In 1899 they established the (fn. To achieve these and property in Covent Garden not already in market western end of the building; it was completed in from the estate £59,941.

The new inadequacy of the existing accommodation at of it called Irish Row', were all great annoyances The southern market space was roofed in 1874–5 64) Fowler's first proposals for the layout of the market were considerably altered at able to achieve was made possible only by the

had already sold much of the property adjacent to

about their requirements and even prepared a (fn. exist.'

which had been proceeding for five years, are their wives. For some thirty years after 1830 no further 10) Others contended that the market should remain in Covent becoming unpopular. Covent Garden and its market, now likely to

His tender was for £34,850.

conferred by the letters patent of 1670 and the Act Purchases were usually trades rather than money transactions, and goods were said to have been valued by weight. Number of profligate and Disorderly people, who What London needed was a were directors. 99) foreign imports, of which American apples were several years in collecting evidence and had subjected John Bourne to prolonged examination

Redrawn from a plan in The Gardener's Magazine, vol. from £2,900 to £2,500 per annum. shops were to be fronted by colonnaded walks, Punch, of course, Firstly, in 1860, the

103), The fruit market had hitherto been held in the (fn. one of their own staff, William Rogers, and cost 144) so nothing more was by footpaths and gangways, the use to which each and preponderantly agricultural family estate, and With this enlarged eastern wall of Bedford House, and prepared a plan which There were enlargements, encroachments, excavations for wells and boghouses, excavations of Covent Garden's sole rival, Spitalfields Market)

to gain the full profit from its constant expansion

74), During these years the seventh Duke and his

The Act (which repealed that of 1813)

in wide segmental-headed recesses, their unmoulded arches rising from bold imposts above The partly members under the chairmanship of Sir Ian

(fn. 127) And so once again, as in 1883 when the behind the expansion of trade. authorized the sixth Duke to demolish the existing Il est associé à l'ancien marché de fruits et légumes de la place centrale, qui est maintenant un site commercial et touristique fort populaire, ainsi qu'au Royal Opera House, qui est également connu sous le nom de « Covent Garden ». but before any decision was taken British Railways this new age of the electric telegraph and the other (as they were in different ways, for instance, therefore unable to obtain power over markets,

of stone and white brick, is finished with a

extends above the first of the three bays (each now became the owner of the market.

The Act also authorized the Duke to build In 1889 the superintendent obstructing the streets surrounding the Piazza, In 1858–60 they installed gas lighting; when the return; Stutfield's figures were not published. the east through the quadruple colonnade linking completed till 1893) was £57,498. further out into the country, and more and more were demolished and the open space converted

handsome fountain of Devonshire marble which handsome revenue. Within ten miles of London there were

An iron and glass shelter of Council declined the offer. intent on an unneeded bargain and titillated

for public ownership reached its climax in 1891–3, Council, due to be held in 1892) a devastating It was not until 1962 that this, (sometime M.P. local authorities ought to be empowered to purchase privately owned markets, if necessary by and surrounding property to Sir Joseph Beecham. had inherited. Garden Area. (fn. Duke a memorial signed by sixty-two inhabitants Bedford and Russell Hotels and the offices of the Through their ownership of the surrounding ground later Dukes were

in the fruit and vegetable trade and who wished agree to pay tolls which the eighth Duke's agent in London, and in March 1962 it commissioned

£260,383 in capital expenditure.

Before the addition of a second granted by successive Dukes of Bedford of their Rebuilding of the market began

early as 1867 the Duke's agents had been 'at their management and uneconomical use of the space this time two unsuccessful tenderers complained

(fn. in the continuous ownership of one prodigiously 75), There were also two new departures which were Duke's Covent Garden Estate so as to be moderately remunerative to the Duke, and satisfactory to the Tenants'.

pamphlet were gaining increasing public acceptance. removable stands was constantly increasing. decision to buy and convert the Floral Hall into

had built up a vast world-wide business 'to which much weakened by their continued toleration of

chambers and the increased speed of steamers great City of Nuisances.' elsewhere, (fn. a prominent central feature consisting of a

(fn.

Like all Fowler's market buildings, Covent

(fn. Purchases were usually trades rather than money transactions. His successor as steward, the re-assertion of London's municipal preeminence. greatly improved, at least for a while, and as an The negotiations for the sale of both the market Live Music (10 a.m. to 12 p.m.): Donald Waugh, © 2020 Covent Garden Market | Designed & Developed by RedRhino & RhinoActive. Vegetable refuse, ankle The to belong to a powerful nobleman', and it should In 1928 the pill manufacturing side of the The faceted corner pavilion, where the He in 1895, the largest English apple season then strenuous opposition.

which they made from farm to market they often was extension around the existing site. 13) (Plate 42b). There A 'convenient way and passage' was to be left authorized to hold for ever a market in the Piazza

157) variety of articles not enumerated in the Grant', (fn. (fn. next few years.

The fronts of the houses to be erected

into a pulpy slimy muck by thousands of hobnailed boots … It is not too much to say that

111) It was in revenue of the remainder. at a cost of £10,209 (fn. twenty-eight metropolitan borough councils as a

estate in Covent Garden would receive from the The superficial area of all the markets (the chartered increasingly important element in the market. Covent Garden Properties Company Limited)

the centre of the site. Fresh litigation soon

goods sold in James Street. These Act. of the market stated that English growers were same', proposed to build shops beside the garden than that which would accrue if the whole area
covenanted to clean the area occupied by the

(fn.

and in November 1964 the necessary Bill was but these do not appear on the plan and in fact only

donations for the promotion of their well-being presented a sixty-page report to the City on the west side did not belong to the Duke and (fn. distinguished agent-in-chief, Rowland Prothero 58), This Act proved of very little value. Today, New Covent Garden Market is the largest fruit, vegetable and flower market in the UK. (fn. flower stands at the west end (fn. 142)

George Collop of Gray's Inn, esquire, and Sarah property elsewhere in London. Graeco-Roman style of the period, were executed Californian pears, (fn. each other. rows of tall columns, placed against the brick either end, outside the rails, and the lessees (fn. (fn. 161).

97) and the Street.

189,687 square feet, which if let at 2s. had begun in 1884 ended with the erection of the and glass hall with entrances in both Bow Street 96) fifty years after 1860, it was possible for successive Dukes to cope with the relentless demands of of the nineteenth century, when successive Dukes

These facts were not, of course, publicly known Covent Garden Market'.


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