Rhinoceros hornbills have one of the largest and most impressive casques. Only a small hole is left, through which the male passes the female regurgitated food, while the female incubates the eggs. The Rhinoceros hornbill is featured on the reverse of the 5 Malaysian ringgit bill. Hunting is both for food and traditional medicines, while various parts of the bird, particularly the feathers, beak and casque, are used in costumes and rituals.

www.sepa.duq.edu/darwin/pdf/UniqueBeakPhysique.pdf. You may use information from the site for class projects and can cite mongabay as the source. Their huge bill and casque are orange and red. The casque is a hollow structure made up of keratin (the same material as human fingernails) and acts as a resonating chamber, amplifying the bird’s calls. Some ideas are listed at, Where can I learn more about rainforests? The primary diet of these birds consists of fruit, especially figs but they will also consume insects, small reptiles, rodents, and smaller birds. They spend their entire lives on treetops. Rhinoceros hornbills make their nests inside tree trunks, and the female stays inside with the eggs and then with the chicks, while the male brings them food. Rhinoceros Hornbill on The IUCN Red List site -, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros_hornbill, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682450/132376232. Habitat destruction has led to the loss of the large trees the birds require for breeding, which in turn makes it easier for poachers to find Rhinoceros hornbills.

The chicks leave the nest when they are 80 days old but the parents continue to feed them for another 6 months. Rhinoceros Hornbills feed mainly on fruits and insects, but may also prey on small reptiles, rodents and smaller birds. Currently, this species is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today are decreasing.

Within these flocks, breeding pairs stay close to each other and the males usually feed the female in order to maintain their pair-bond. They are predominately black in color, with white legs and vent and a white tail with a black band. It is found in only the highest form of rain forest. Rhinoceros hornbills' casque is made of keratin and is hollow inside. The female usually lays 1-2 white eggs and incubates them within 40 days.

The courtship and bonding of these birds are critical, as the female must trust the male to provide her with everything when she is incubating and raising chicks.

After the eggs are laid, the male collects mud and the pair pack that mud, along with food and feces, to wall up the entrance to the tree cavity. Rhinoceros hornbills are monogamous and mate for life. Rhinoceros hornbills are herbivores (frugivores) and carnivores. Rhinoceros hornbills feed mainly on fruit and disperse seeds of many forest tree species.



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